Mo te nuinga o te iwi, he kino, ka timata te korero mo te autism ki a Andrew Wakefield.
Ko te nuinga o te iwi kei te mohio ko nga whakaaro teka me nga rangahau whakapae i wehi i nga tāngata mai i te kano kanamere i a ratau tamariki, engari i te mea pea i whakaae nga tangata ki te mate urutomo e herea ana ki nga maimoatanga.
Ko etahi ka haere ki te uiui i nga wahi katoa o nga pakeke autistic ki te mea kaore he mate hou o te autism i puta mai i te whakapiki i te whakamahinga o te kano.
Tuhinga o mua
Mena ka tangohia e koe he wa poto ki te mohio ki te hitori o te autism, he mea ngawari ki te kite i te maha o nga pakeke pakeke i nga taha katoa, me te mea he roa te wa o te autism.
Ko te korero pono o te autism ka hoki mai i nga tau tekau, kaore i te rau tau. Ko te tikanga, ko Steve Silberman, i roto i tana pukapuka NeuroTribes: Ko te Legacy of Autism me te Future o te Neurodiversity , e ki ana ko "te iwi autistic he wa katoa o te hapori tangata."
Ko te hītori o mua o te autism (he pai me te kino ) ko:
- Ka tuhia e Oliver Sacks a Henry Cavendish, he kaitaiao i whanau i te tau 1731, he maha nga tohu e "tata ana ki te mate o Asperger". (1731/2001)
- Ko Graham Farmelo, i roto i tana pukapuka "The Strangest Man," e tuhi ana ko Paul Dirac, he kairangataiao i whanau i te tau 1902, kaore pea i kitea he autism. (1902/2011)
- Ko Grunia Sukhareva, he tamaiti hinengaro i Kiev, Rusia, i tuhi e pā ana ki nga tamariki e whai hua ana i roto i te reta a Tiamana, me te retaiao. (1926)
- Ko Louise Despert, he tohunga hinengaro i Niu Ioka, i tuhi e 23 nga take o te schizophrenia tamariki, ko etahi he tohu e rite ana ki te whakatinana i te autism. (1938)
- Ka tuhia e Hans Asperger te akoako matatini tuatahi o nga tamariki me te autism, te Autismus ranei, he korero mo te ako korero e wha nga tamariki, ahakoa he maama kei te mahi tahi ia me nga 100 o nga tamariki me te autism me te mate Aspergers i tona whare hauora i Vienna. (1943)
- Ka tuhi a Leo Kanner i te "Whakaaetanga Aunoa o te Whakaaetanga Whakauru," e whakaahua ana i nga 11 ngaa mate me te autism o te whanau i mua (he ingoa i hangaia i te tau 1944) i roto i te kaituhi "Ko te Nervous Child." (1943)
- Kei te karanga a Kanner i tana whakaaro ko te autism te whanau mai i nga whaea pouaka (1949)
- I mahi tahi a Lauretta Bender me nga tamariki turoro i nga tau 1950 me nga 1960
- Ka tuhi a Bruno Bettelheim ki tana pukapuka "Puhi Puipuia," e whakakaha ana i te ariā whaea pouaka whakaata hei take o te autism. (1967)
- I roto i te DSM-I, ko nga tamariki he tohu o te autism i tapaina he taitara mo te tamariki. (1952)
- Ko Leon Eisenberg e tuhi ana i tana pepa "Ko te Tamaiti Tangata i Te Tauranga," e whai ana i nga tamariki 63 o nga tamariki. (1956)
- Kua hangaia te Society Assistance Children's Aid Society o North London (i muri mai ko te National Autistic Society). (1962)
- Kei te whakaputa a Bernard Rimland i tana pukapuka "Autism Inspiration: Te Syndrome me ona Pouaka mo te Kaupapa Neura o te whanonga." (1964)
- Kei te mahi a Iv Ivana Lovaas i tana ariā o te ABA rongo mo nga tamariki turoro. (1964)
- Ka timata te Kura a Hybil Elgar ki te "whakaako me te tiaki i nga tamariki me te autism." (1965)
- He huihuinga o nga matua o nga tamariki turoro i te hui tuatahi o te National Society of Autistic Children (inaianei ko te Autism Society of America). (1965)
- I te DSM-II kua whakahoutia, kaore he waahanga motuhake mo te autism. (1968)
- I whakahaeretia te National Society of Autistic Children's First Year Congress i Washington. (1969).
- Kua riro te Kooti o Somerset "hei pokapū tuatahi mo te hunga whai mana ki te UK." (1972)
- Ko Lee Felsenstein, i muri mai i te mate a Asperger, i hangaia te poari rorohiko tuatahi - Memory Community. (1973)
- Ko te Ture mo nga tamariki tamariki katoa e ngoikore ana te ture ka whakamanahia "ki te tautoko i nga kawanatanga me nga waahi ki te tiaki i nga tika o te whakatutuki i nga matea o te tangata, me te whakapai ake i nga hua mo" nga tamariki e paanga ana ki a raatau, ko te nuinga o te hunga i ngaro i mua i te kura. (1975)
- Kei te tautoko a Lorna Wing ki te whakawhanake i nga arii o te 'mate o te kino' o te raruraru rererangi autism (1970)
- Ko te DSM-III ko nga paearu mo te whakamatau i te autism tamariki me nga waahanga e toru. (1980)
- Ka hangaia e Susan Moreno he panui me nga takoha mai i nga tangata me te autism "Pukapuka Autid Residual" (ka whakaingoatia ki muri ake ki te 'iwi e tino kaha ake ana' ko te MAPP) (1984)
- E tuhi ana a Temple Grandin ki te 'Huringa.' (1986)
- Kua tukuna he ataata o tetahi pakeke autistic e 24-tau - 'He whakaahua o te taitama taitamariki.' (1986)
- Ko te DSM-III-R e tuku ana i te PDD-NOS me te taapiri atu i te kaha ake ki te taatai i nga tamariki turoro. (1987)
- Kua whakauruhia te autism hei raupapa hauhake motuhake i roto i te Ture Whakangungu Whakangungu Motuhake (IDEA), he mea iti ake te whiwhi ratonga. (1990)
- I tuhituhi a Donna Williams, he pakeke pakeke, i te tuatahi o nga pukapuka whaiaro e wha - "Nobody Therehere." (1991)
- "20/20" me etahi atu whakaatu whakaatu i te ripoata e whai ana kia honohono i te taiao taiao me te autism i roto i te taone o Leominster, Massachusetts, he kapenga autism e kiia ana ko te waahi kaore i uru noa, tae atu ki te haurua o nga tamariki kaore he autism me etahi waa 'e ora tonu ana i roto i te rohe. (1992)
- Ko te umanga Autism Network International e hangaia ana e te roopu o nga iwi mana. (1992)
- He maha atu nga tohu me etahi atu tohu ka tapiritia ki te waahanga mate a autism i DSM-IV. (1994)
- Ko Catherine Maurice te tuhi i te pukapuka 'Tukua ahau kia rongo i to reo: ko te kaha o te Whānau ki runga i te autism' (1994)
- Ko Mikaera te ahua o te pukapuka 'Microserfs' (1995) na Douglas Copeland
- Ko Oliver Sacks, MD te tuhi 'He Anthropologist i Mars,' he maha nga korero mo nga pakeke pakeke, tae atu ki a Temple Grandin me Stephen Wiltshire. (1995)
- Ko te hui tuatahi a Autism Network International mo te huihuinga Autreat mo te motuhake. (1996)
- Autism Cure Kua hangaia inaianei, kua uru mai ki nga korero a Autism. (1995/2007)
- I whakaputaina e Andrew Wakefield tana pepa i roto i te Lancet, a ka mea ana kaore ia e whakamahi i te rongoā mate MMR mo te mate o te autism. (1998)
- E tuhi ana a Judy Singer mo te taiao. (1999)
- Ko te Kamupene Autism te whakamahi i te Rangatira Puipuia Aunoa o te Autism hei "tohu tohu o te autism". (1999)
- Kua whakaturia e te Ture Whakahaere Whaiaro Autism (IACC) i te Ture Hauora mo nga tamariki a te tau 2000.
- Kei te tuhituhi a Karyn Seroussi i te pukapuka 'Ko te Whakakore i te Maakiri o te Autism me te Pakaritanga Whakatairanga: Ko te korero a te whaea mo te Rangahau me te Whakaora' (2000)
- Korero mo te Whakaorangia Autism (2000)
- Ko Steve Silberman te tuhi i te 'The Geek Syndrome' i roto i te maheni Wired (2001)
- DSM-IV TR (2002)
- Ko nga ahuatanga o te Partnership Syndrome Partners (Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership) (GRASP), he whakahaere e whakahaeretia ana e Asperger me te Aunoa Autism Spectrum Disorders. (2003)
- Bernard Rimland, o te Autism Research Institute, me te tukino Autism inaianei! nga tikanga, ka tuhi i te pukapuka "Te whakaora i nga tamariki taiohi." I whanau mai tana tama tama i te tau 1956. (2003)
- He Whanonga Planet, he pae tukutuku mo te motuhake, kua whakarewahia. (2004)
- Ko Susan Senator e tuhi ana 'Ko te Haumaru ki Autism' (2005)
- Ka timata a Ari Ne'eman i te Whatunga Whaiaro Whaiaro Autistic (ASAN). (2006)
- Ka timata a Dora Raymaker me Christina Nicolaidis i te Kamupene Arataki Aromatawai Aromatawai i roto i te Rangahau me te Whakaako (AASPIRE). (2006)
- Te Whakatika i te Ture Autism (2006/2011)
- Ko Amelia Baggs nga pou 'In My Language' ki te YouTube (2007)
- E ai ki te ripoata CDC / ADDM ko te whakapae autism kei te 1 i te 150 tamariki (tamariki i whanau i te tau 1994). (2007)
- Kei te tīmata a Jenny McCarthy ki te mahi tahi me te Generation Rescue, tetahi atu whakahaere e whakaaro ana ka puta i nga mate kano me etahi atu taiao taiao te autism. (2008)
- Kua mutu a Alison Singer mai i Autism korero, ka timata i te Autism Science Foundation. (2009)
- E ai ki te ripoata CDC / ADDM kua piki ake te paheketanga autism ki te 1 ki te 110 (nga tamariki i whanau i te tau 1998). (2009)
- Ka tuhia e Corina Becker tetahi pou e timata ana i te ra tuatahi o nga korero a te Autistic. (2010)
- I ngaro a Andrew Wakefield i tana raihana hauora, a, ka whakakorea ia i te mahi rongoa, i muri mai i te tukunga o tana pepa autism. (2010/2004)
- Ka tīmata a Julia Bascom i te Kaupapa Mahi Hou. (2011)
- Kua timata te Kaiwhakahaere Whakaaroaro ki te Autism. (2011)
- Ka whakarite a Paula Durbin Westby i te marama tuatahi o te Maeatanga Autism, i tenei wa i ia Paenga-whawhā. (2011)
- E ai ki te pürongo CDC / ADDM kua piki ake te paheketanga autism ki te 1 i te 88 (nga tamariki i whanau i te tau 2000). (2012)
- Ko te DSM-5 ko te autism, ko te Asperger, ko te mate turorotanga tamariki, me te PDD NOS ki te raruraru o te rauropi autism. (2013)
- E ai ki te ripoata CDC / ADDM kua piki ake te paheketanga autism ki te 1 i te 68 (nga tamariki i whanau i te tau 2002). (2014)
- Autism CARES Ture o 2014
- I tuhi a Steve Silberman i te NeuroTribes (2015)
- Ko te putanga o te CDC / ADDM hou kei te 1 ki te 68 (tamariki i whanau i te tau 2004) kei te noho tonu te autism. (2016)
He aha te muri?
Rauemi
Manouilenko I, Sukhareva - I mua o Asperger me Kanner. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015 Akuhata; 69 (6): 479-82
Baker, Jeffrey, P. Autism i te 70 - Hokihia nga Raina. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1089-1091
Fellowes, Sam. I whakaahua a Kanner i te Kaupapa Tuatahi o Autism? Ko te Mystery o 1938. Journal of Autism me Development Disorders. Hōngongoi 2015, Volume 45, Putanga 7, pp 2274-2276
Feinstein, Adams. He Aamu o Autism: Nga korerorero me nga Pionia.
Silberman, Steve. NeuroTribes. 2015.